和Jerry一起读报

More Help Wanted: Older Workers Please Apply- -

                                      

                                                 

Ed Wright, 71, a retired electrical contractor, works at two Home Depots, one in Lake Wales, Fla., in colder months and the other in Tullytown, Pa

Larry Gershell, 72, was a marketing executive until he retired at 65. He now works at a Borders bookstore in Manhattan.

Jerry导读： 在经济部不景气时期，美国政府曾经通过提前退休年龄，来使更多的年轻人获得工作机会，以缓解社会的就业压力。然而，近年来，在某些行业，尤其是零售业，一股相反的趋势出现了。越来越多的公司，开始大量招聘退休人员作为公司的员工。在传统的中国人看来，人老了，就好好在家养老，钓钓鱼，听听戏，打打拳什么的，革命一辈子了，应该享受享受天伦之乐了。美国人好像不这么认为，无论多老，只要还能发光发热，都不会放弃任何为社会贡献的机会。我以前的一位外籍教师，退休前是一个美国国际救援组织的护士，18岁加入的，到过世界上很多落后和战争的地方，帮助当地的人。年龄大了，护士工作做不了，就选择在亚洲许多国家教英语，一直到70多岁，回国之后，还在一所大学从事顾问的工作，至今都没有结婚。她的却是我的偶像啊~！(不好意思，有些跑题，嘿嘿)。为什么会选择招聘退休的老年人呢？在医疗费，保险费方面不是要花更多的"冤枉钱"吗？其实不然。老年员工都有很丰富的工作经验，因此所需的培训费用就很少。另外，他们的跳槽的比率是很低的，这也降低了公司员工群的不稳定性。而且，他们大多数都有很好的工作表现，这可是实践证明了的~！此篇报道来自New York Times《纽约时报》2005.03.23Business版，报道的就是这样一股不同寻常动向。我们国家是不是可以在某些方面有所借鉴呢？大家讨论讨论~~~！    ----Ｊｅｒｒｙ　Ｙｕｅ

n a push to recruit older workers,

Borders bookstores lure retired teachers to sales jobs with discounts and the promise of reading and discussion groups. Pitney Bowes, the business services company, pays tuition for courses in computer programming as well as spare-time skills like golf and flower arranging.

After years of encouraging workers to take early retirement as a way to cut jobs, a growing number of companies are hunting for older workers because they have lower turnover rates and, in many cases, better work performance.

Some companies like Wal-Mart are making their pitches at senior centers and others are sending company brochures to churches and community libraries and posting their attractions on Web sites.

AARP, the advocacy group for older people, recently put on its Web site links to 13 "featured employers" - including MetLife, Pitney Bowes, Borders, Home Depot, Principal Financial and Walgreens - that are recruiting older workers with offers of health benefits, training and flexible work schedules. More than 71,000 people have used the Web site this month to seek job information.

At Home Depot, Ed Wright, 71, a retired electrical contractor, works the early shift from October to May in the electrical products department at the store in Lake Wales, Fla. Then, when the weather changes, he heads north and works part time from June to September in the Home Depot in Tullytown, Pa.

"I had heard you could do that, so I applied for a job here in Florida," he said. "It's the best of both worlds." Mr. Wright is not the only north-south commuter at the Lake Wales store. He said he had colleagues who went to Maine, Connecticut and Colorado in the summer.

Cindy Milburn, senior director of staffing at Home Depot, said the company was looking to older workers to fill a labor shortage a decade from now. "We wanted to plant seeds early on," she said, to build relationships with groups like AARP and government agencies that help people, including military retirees, find jobs.

Conventional wisdom has long held that workers become more costly as they grow older, with more medical problems and more missed workdays. But "overall costs are not much different based on the age of employees," said Dan Smith, senior vice president for human resources at the Borders Group. "Training and recruitment costs are much lower than for younger workers. It all evens out."

Mr. Smith said nearly 16 percent of Borders's current 32,000 employees were 50 or older, compared with only 6 percent six years ago.

For one thing, the older workers are much less likely to depart after a few years. The turnover rate for employees 50 and older was one-tenth that of workers under 30, according to Mr. Smith. "Costs of training, recruitment and learning the job routine," he said, "are all much lower than for younger workers."

That is no small matter, especially in retailing, where 60 percent annual turnover, not counting part-time help, is the norm for specialty stores, according to the National Retail Federation, an industry trade group. If part-timers and temporary workers are covered, the turnover rate soars to 110 percent. (The group's survey did not cover department stores and outlet stores.)

Even with its loyal older people and a low turnover rate by retailing standards, Home Depot, which has 325,000 employees, hires 160,000 people each year, including part-time and seasonal workers and 20,000 for new jobs as the company adds stores, Ms. Milburn said.

Eileen Applebaum, a labor economist at Rutgers University, said the cost of turnover per worker was $2,335, on average, in a survey of representative California employers last year conducted by researchers at Rutgers and U.C.L.A. Simply holding down the turnover rate could mean annual savings in the millions of dollars for large employers.

The recruitment efforts for the elderly are reaching a willing audience, as more older people seek work because they need extra cash and health benefits and sometimes because they miss having a 9-to-5 routine with other workers.

In the 65-to-69 age group, "about one-third of men and almost one-fourth of women were working in 2004," said Joseph F. Quinn, a labor economist and dean at Boston College. "Already, there has been a dramatic change since the mid-1980's in the labor force participation of older workers."

The percentage of men in that age group still working rose to 33 percent in 2004 from 27 percent in 1994; the percentage of women in that age group working rose to 23 percent from 18 percent. According to AARP, almost one in three workers will be 50 or older within five years.

Larry Gershell, 72, for example, was a marketing executive when he retired at 65 after 40 years in book publishing. Within a year, he found a full-time job selling books at a Borders store in Midtown Manhattan.

"I like books; I like to read; I like to know what's going on," he said. "I love talking to mothers. I tell them not to worry about their kids who read comic books."

He also likes the relaxed atmosphere. "It's not stressful," he said. "No pain in the belly anymore. When I got home from my office, my wife used to say 'you want to kick the dog.' But we didn't have a dog." Now he takes home $30 worth of free books every month, a benefit he finds "marvelous, " and he also gets Borders's health benefits.

At Wal-Mart, which has 220,000 employees 55 and older, store officials are often sent on recruiting missions to churches, senior centers and meetings of local AARP chapters, said Sarah Clark, a Wal-Mart spokeswoman.

Older workers are still mostly in sales, office work and management, according to an analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data by Jared Bernstein, a labor economist at the Economic Policy Institute.

But at Pitney Bowes, a manufacturing company that is also big in business services, almost 1 in 4 employees is over 50.

The company is "very aware of the demographic trends," said Bruce Nolop, Pitney's chief financial officer. "It will be very essential to appeal to the older portion of the work force."

Terry Dendy, 56, a large-format preparation-press operator, was recently hired at the company's digital imaging center in Manhattan. Mr. Dendy said he worried about his age when he looked for work after his former employer closed. "But I had friends in my age category at Pitney Bowes and they told me I should apply," he said. "I did, and after that there was no problem."

These recruiting successes, of course, also reflect economic realities as dwindling company-subsidized health coverage for retirees and inadequate savings and pensions force many older people to stay on their jobs or look for other work. Still, as baby boomers age, many are eager to work for benefits beyond the paycheck.

"They don't want to go fishing; they want to stay sharp," said Jeanne Benoit, principal director of human resources at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, a military research contractor in Cambridge, Mass., that creates prototypes for aerospace projects.

In industries with labor shortages, like nursing, older workers already have an edge. Nurses, who typically retire at 53, are being recruited at high rates, said Peter Buerhaus, associate dean of the school of nursing at Vanderbilt University. "They are probably the fastest-aging work force in the country."

In 2002 and 2003, hospitals raised pay scales and hired 130,000 nurses over age 50, which made up more than 70 percent of the 185,000 total hired in those two years, Mr. Buerhaus said.

Many of those nurses may well agree with Ellen Van Valen, 67, a Home Depot manager, who says that age has little do with the desire to work.

Ms. Van Valen, who is assistant manager for internal operations at the company's store in Stratford, Conn., supervises a group that includes five workers in their 60's.

"The older folks seem to catch on a lot quicker," she said. "They're used to life in general."

Ms. Van Valen plans to work full time until she is 75. "Every day is a learning process," she said. "Hey, I could become a store manager down the road, but not right now."

Home Depot, the hardware chain, now offers "snowbird specials" - winter work in Florida and summers in Maine.

- 作者： jerryenglish 访问统计：　2005年03月23日, 星期三 21:03 加入博采